The Koreshan Unity Collection: A Final Look Back (Part 11)

In December 2011, we began a 15-month journey with the Koreshan Unity, a journey that carried vestiges of New York State’s mid-19th century “burned-over district” west to the bustling streets of late 19th century Chicago, and then south to the untamed frontier of southwest Florida at the turn of the 20th century.

The journey was guided by an extensive collection of archival records created and maintained by the Koreshan Unity for over a century; personal letters and journals, religious writings, legal and financial records, publications, and many thousands of photographs documenting the Unity’s founding and founders, their beliefs, and their dream to establish a New Jerusalem against seemingly insurmountable obstacles.

Koreshan Deed, 1895

Intensive archival processing work conducted on the Koreshan Unity Papers from December 2011 through February 2013, supported by grant funding from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC), allowed us to transform a disorganized and largely inaccessible collection into a well-organized, easily accessible collection that will continue to reveal new insights into both the Koreshan Unity and Florida history to researchers and the public far into the future.

Koreshan Deed, 1904

Solar Festival, 1988

While some final processing tasks remain to be completed, project staff have identified virtually all collection materials and housed them in archival boxes and folders to ensure their preservation and ease of access. We are preparing detailed finding aids and making them available on the Web, including in the State Archives Online Catalog.

Meanwhile, well over 1,500 digitized photographs from the collection have been added to the Florida Memory website. Also on Florida Memory is a new online exhibit using photographs and documents from the collection to illustrate the history and legacy of the Koreshan Unity.

Remnants of Dr. Teed's mausoleum at Ft. Myers Beach on Estero Island after hurricane, 1921

Remnants of Dr. Teed’s mausoleum at Ft. Myers Beach on Estero Island after hurricane, 1921

The Koreshan legacy is preserved not only through the incredibly rich documentation in the Koreshan Unity Papers Collection, but also through the work of the Koreshan State Historic Site in Estero, Florida. Since the park’s inception in November 1961, the Florida Park Service has worked to not only preserve the grounds and buildings left behind by the Koreshans, but also to interpret their lives and the contributions they made to the development of southwest Florida.

With the assistance of the Friends of the Koreshan State Historic Site, the Park Service is currently conducting a project to stabilize the Conrad Schlender (Membership) Cottage, one of the site’s 11 National Register Historic Buildings. The project will take several months as staff carefully remove the siding, chemically stabilize it, repair damaged areas, and reinstall it to ensure a tight skin on the cottage that will keep out the weather and vermin while retaining much of the historic structure.

Through the Friends of the Koreshan State Historic Site Inc., the park hosts a number of events throughout the year highlighting the lives of the Koreshans. A candlelit Ghost Walk of the settlement allows visitors to encounter Koreshans in several vignettes based on archival letters from the 1890s to the 1940s. Visitors can also enjoy a Taste of History Luncheon featuring a meal from the Koreshan cookbook and an Afternoon Tea on the porch of the Planetary Court.

Learn more about the Koreshan State Historic Site. The park can be reached at 239.992.0311.

Moore’s Letter on the Destruction of Apalachee (April 16, 1704)

Between 1702 and 1709, English colonists from Carolina and their Creek Indian allies destroyed numerous Spanish and Native American settlements in La Florida.

Excerpt from “Carte de la Floride et de la Georgie,” by P.F. Tardieu (ca. 1785)

Excerpt from “Carte de la Floride et de la Georgie,” by P.F. Tardieu (ca. 1785)

In early 1704, Colonel James Moore led raids deep into the heart of the Apalachee province. A letter from Moore to the Lord Proprietors, dated April 16, 1704, described the outcome:

“…I raised 50 whites, all the Government thought fit to spare out of the settlement at that time; with them 1000 Indians, which by my own interest I raised to follow me, I went to Apalatchee. The first place I came to was the strongest Fort in Apalatchee, which after nine hours I took…In this expedition I brought away 300 men, and 1000 women and children, have killed, and taken as slaves 325 men, and have taken slaves 4000 women and children…All which I have done with the loss of 4 whites and 15 Indians, and without one penny charge to the publick.”

Transcription of the original by Dr. Mark F. Boyd; a copy of Dr. Boyd’s transcription and associated documents are available at the State Archives of Florida in M86-40, Papers of Mark Frederick Boyd, 1912-1968, box 3, folder “San Luis.”

Ethnohistorian John Hann analyzed several inconsistencies in the remaining versions of Moore’s account and concluded that we cannot be certain about which settlements were razed, the number captives taken, or the causalities suffered by the Apalachee. Regardless of the exact facts and figures, historians agree that Moore’s raids had disastrous consequences for the Apalachee. As a result of the English and Creek expeditions, the vast majority of the Apalachee were expelled from their homeland. Many were sold into slavery, or absorbed by the Creeks. Some refugees fled to Louisiana, where their descendants remain today. A small number reached St. Augustine and accompanied the Spanish to Cuba in 1763, never to return to Florida again.

For further reading, see Mark F. Boyd and Hale G. Smith, Here They Once Stood: The Tragic End of the Apalachee Missions (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1951); Allan Gallay, The Indian Slave Trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003); John H. Hann, Apalachee: The Land between the Rivers (Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1988).

National Library Week (April 14-20, 2013)

It’s National Library Week! Dorothy Dodd served as State Librarian from 1952 until 1965. She was also Florida’s first State Archivist.

Throughout her tenure at the State Library of Florida, Dr. Dodd actively preserved valuable Florida records and documents. With her foresight and knowledge of the state and its history, she built a collection of outstanding scope and depth. She is credited with assembling more than 15,000 cataloged items in the Florida Collection of the State Library of Florida.

Dr. Dorothy Dodd and student flattening documents (1953)

Dr. Dorothy Dodd and student flattening documents (1953)

Although there was no money for the archives, she managed to rescue from destruction and organize 260 linear feet of territorial and state records and manuscript collections.

These records included negatives from a Tallahassee photographer’s attic and original reports of Florida’s role in the state and federal vote-fraud investigations surrounding the contested 1876 Hayes-Tilden presidential election.

Dorothy Dodd long jumping during field day in Tallahassee, Florida (1920)

Dorothy Dodd long jumping during field day in Tallahassee, Florida (1920)

Nominated by former Governor LeRoy Collins, she was inducted into the Florida Women’s Hall of Fame in 1986.

Pánfilo de Narváez

On April 14 or 15, 1528, Spanish explorer Pánfilo de Narváez landed near Tampa Bay.

Occidentalis Americ Partis, published by Theodor de Bry, ca. 1591

Occidentalis Americ Partis, published by Theodor de Bry, ca. 1591

His expedition split into two groups. One stayed with the ships and hugged the coast, the other traveled inland towards modern-day Tallahassee. The men at sea failed to reestablish contact with those inland and were presumed lost.

Pánfilo de Narváez

Pánfilo de Narváez

Battered by hurricanes and attacked by local Timucua and Apalachee Indians, Narváez’s men built boats, possibly near the St. Marks River, and attempted to flee Florida. After eight years, only four survivors made in back to Mexico. One of the survivors, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, wrote an account of his experience titled Naufragios y Comentarios.

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Congratulations Okeechobee!

Congratulations to Okeechobee, Main Street Community of the Month for April 2013! Learn more about the Florida Main Street Program.

Steamboat Mary Howard, early 1900s

Steamboat Mary Howard, early 1900s

 

Lake Drive, 1910s

Lake Drive, 1910s

 

Railroad Depot, 1910s

Railroad Depot, 1910s

 

Fanny Stuart and Susie Tiger, Indian Prairie, 1919

Fanny Stuart and Susie Tiger, Indian Prairie, 1919

 

Downtown, 1924

Downtown, 1924

 

Levee Construction, 1935

Levee Construction, 1935

 

Calf Roping at the Rodeo, 1949

Calf Roping at the Rodeo, 1949

 

Seminoles at the Rodeo, 1949

Seminoles at the Rodeo, 1949

 

Charles Hunt and Mary Padgett at the Soda Fountain, 1949

Charles Hunt and Mary Padgett at the Soda Fountain, 1949

 

Fish Caught in Lake Okeechobee, 1977

Fish Caught in Lake Okeechobee, 1977

 

Leather Belt Pattern by Bob Dellis, 1992

Leather Belt Pattern by Bob Dellis, 1992

 

Working Cow-Dog, Dixie Ranch, 2008

Working Cow-Dog, Dixie Ranch, 2008

 

Kaley Dees, 2008

Kaley Dees, 2008

 

Dixie Ranch, ca. 2008

Dixie Ranch, ca. 2008

 

Visit Florida Memory to learn more about Okeechobee and its residents.

Moonshine Madness

Bootleggers, moonshiners, and rum runners rejoiced when Prohibition banned the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States. Florida’s long and undulating coastline provided an open door for illicit booze from the Caribbean, and the state’s extensive forests, swamps, scrub, hammocks, and bayous provided ample cover for stills. In 1926, Charlotte County in southwest Florida gained recognition for the biggest haul of contraband liquor on record.

Police testing moonshine after a raid, Immokalee, 1950s

Police testing moonshine after a raid, Immokalee, 1950s

After Prohibition ended, moonshining remained an important business in Florida. In the 1950s, Baker County in northeast Florida became known as the Shine Capitol of the South. Moonshiners in the Okefenokee Swamp purportedly dodged water moccasins to get to their stills. Stories abound of daring deliveries in souped-up vehicles loaded with “white lightning” and speeding down the highway from Baxter, Florida to Fargo, Georgia.

Disposing of confiscated moonshine, Tallahassee, 1958

Disposing of confiscated moonshine, Tallahassee, 1958

 

Revenue agent James E. Bowdoin with a confiscated still, Tallahassee, 1922

Revenue agent James E. Bowdoin with a confiscated still, Tallahassee, 1922

 

Destruction of a still, Miami, 1925

Destruction of a still, Miami, 1925

 

Destruction of a still, Polk County, 1920s

Destruction of a still, Polk County, 1920s

 

Car seized at home of L.E. Wilkerson, Baker County, 1940s

Car seized at home of L.E. Wilkerson, Baker County, 1940s

 

Moonshining still, Duval County, 1920s

Moonshining still, Duval County, 1920s

 

Moonshining equipment, Duval County, ca. 1930

Moonshining equipment, Duval County, ca. 1930

 

Thirsty for more? Check out more images of moonshiners and the Prohibition era on Florida Memory.

Don’t Be Alarmed

The vehicles used to carry firefighters to the scene of an emergency have seen a few changes over the course of a century…

First Hose Wagon, Tallahassee, early 1900s

First Hose Wagon, Tallahassee, early 1900s

Horse Drawn Fire Wagon, Madison County, 1910s

Horse Drawn Fire Wagon, Madison County, 1910s

Firefighters, Lake City, early 1900s

Firefighters, Lake City, early 1900s

First Fire Truck, Tallahassee, ca. 1916

First Fire Truck, Tallahassee, ca. 1916

Key West Fire Department, 1917

Key West Fire Department, 1917

Pensacola Fire Department, 1927

Pensacola Fire Department, 1927

Quincy Fire Department, ca. 1920

Quincy Fire Department, ca. 1920

Chevrolet Truck Used by the Florida Forest Service, St. James Island, 1934

Chevrolet Truck Used by the Florida Forest Service, St. James Island, 1934

Jacksonville Fire Department, 1960

Jacksonville Fire Department, 1960

International Harvester Fire Truck, Key West, 1975

International Harvester Fire Truck, Key West, 1975

I’m With the Band

Florida has never lacked musicians ready to perform.

Madison town band, ca. 1900

Madison town band, ca. 1900

Jug and harmonica band, 1880s

Jug and harmonica band, 1880s

Eustis Cornet Band, 1885

Eustis Cornet Band, 1885

Edward Wyer's Creole Cornet Band, Pensacola, 1887

Edward Wyer’s Creole Cornet Band, Pensacola, 1887

Palatka band, 1890s

Palatka band, 1890s

Brass band awaiting President Grover Cleveland's arrival, Lakeland, 1894

Brass band awaiting President Grover Cleveland’s arrival, Lakeland, 1894

Saint Cloud band, ca. 1900

Saint Cloud band, ca. 1900

Jensen Cornet Band, 1900s

Jensen Cornet Band, 1900s

Tallahassee band, 1910s

Tallahassee band, 1910s

Viva Florida Week

Join in the VIVA Florida 500 commemoration, April 4-6, 2013, at the R.A. Gray Building in downtown Tallahassee.

Map of Saint Augustine by Baptista Boazio, 1589

Go behind the scenes at the Bureau of Archaeological Research Conservation Lab, view three rarely displayed documents from the State Archives, and take a guided tour of the Museum of Florida History’s new permanent exhibit Forever Changed: La Florida, 1513-1821.

Conservation Lab
10 a.m., 1 p.m., and 3 p.m.

Museum of Florida History
11 a.m., 2 p.m., and 4 p.m.

The R. A. Gray Building is located two blocks west of the Capitol Building on Bronough Street, between the Civic Center and the Supreme Court of Florida: 500 South Bronough Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32399, 850.245.4400.